diachylon
n . 铅膏
铅膏
Soap \
Soap \,
n . [
OE .
sope ,
AS .
s [=
a ]
pe ;
akin to D .
zeep ,
G .
seife ,
OHG .
seifa ,
Icel .
s [=
a ]
pa ,
Sw .
s ?
pa ,
Dan .
s ?
be ,
and perhaps to AS .
s [
imac ]
pan to drip ,
MHG .
s [
imac ]
fen ,
and L .
sebum tallow .
Cf . {
Saponaceous }.]
A substance which dissolves in water ,
thus forming a lather ,
and is used as a cleansing agent .
Soap is produced by combining fats or oils with alkalies or alkaline earths ,
usually by boiling ,
and consists of salts of sodium ,
potassium ,
etc .,
with the fatty acids (
oleic ,
stearic ,
palmitic ,
etc .).
See the Note below ,
and cf .
{
Saponification }.
By extension ,
any compound of similar composition or properties ,
whether used as a cleaning agent or not .
[
1913 Webster ]
Note :
In general ,
soaps are of two classes ,
hard and soft .
Calcium ,
magnesium ,
lead ,
etc .,
form soaps ,
but they are insoluble and useless .
[
1913 Webster ]
The purifying action of soap depends upon the fact that it is decomposed by a large quantity of water into free alkali and an insoluble acid salt .
The first of these takes away the fatty dirt on washing ,
and the latter forms the soap lather which envelops the greasy matter and thus tends to remove it . --
Roscoe &
Schorlemmer .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Castile soap },
a fine -
grained hard soap ,
white or mottled ,
made of olive oil and soda ; --
called also {
Marseilles soap }
or {
Venetian soap }.
{
Hard soap },
any one of a great variety of soaps ,
of different ingredients and color ,
which are hard and compact .
All solid soaps are of this class .
{
Lead soap },
an insoluble ,
white ,
pliable soap made by saponifying an oil (
olive oil )
with lead oxide ; --
used externally in medicine .
Called also {
lead plaster },
{
diachylon },
etc .
{
Marine soap }.
See under {
Marine }.
{
Pills of soap } (
Med .),
pills containing soap and opium .
{
Potash soap },
any soap made with potash ,
esp .
the soft soaps ,
and a hard soap made from potash and castor oil .
{
Pumice soap },
any hard soap charged with a gritty powder ,
as silica ,
alumina ,
powdered pumice ,
etc .,
which assists mechanically in the removal of dirt .
{
Resin soap },
a yellow soap containing resin , --
used in bleaching .
{
Silicated soap },
a cheap soap containing water glass (
sodium silicate ).
{
Soap bark }. (
Bot .)
See {
Quillaia bark }.
{
Soap bubble },
a hollow iridescent globe ,
formed by blowing a film of soap suds from a pipe ;
figuratively ,
something attractive ,
but extremely unsubstantial .
[
1913 Webster ]
This soap bubble of the metaphysicians . --
J .
C .
Shairp .
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Soap cerate },
a cerate formed of soap ,
olive oil ,
white wax ,
and the subacetate of lead ,
sometimes used as an application to allay inflammation .
{
Soap fat },
the refuse fat of kitchens ,
slaughter houses ,
etc .,
used in making soap .
{
Soap liniment } (
Med .),
a liniment containing soap ,
camphor ,
and alcohol .
{
Soap nut },
the hard kernel or seed of the fruit of the soapberry tree , --
used for making beads ,
buttons ,
etc .
{
Soap plant } (
Bot .),
one of several plants used in the place of soap ,
as the {
Chlorogalum pomeridianum },
a California plant ,
the bulb of which ,
when stripped of its husk and rubbed on wet clothes ,
makes a thick lather ,
and smells not unlike new brown soap .
It is called also {
soap apple },
{
soap bulb },
and {
soap weed }.
{
Soap tree }. (
Bot .)
Same as {
Soapberry tree }.
{
Soda soap },
a soap containing a sodium salt .
The soda soaps are all hard soaps .
{
Soft soap },
a soap of a gray or brownish yellow color ,
and of a slimy ,
jellylike consistence ,
made from potash or the lye from wood ashes .
It is strongly alkaline and often contains glycerin ,
and is used in scouring wood ,
in cleansing linen ,
in dyehouses ,
etc .
Figuratively ,
flattery ;
wheedling ;
blarney . [
Colloq .]
{
Toilet soap },
hard soap for the toilet ,
usually colored and perfumed .
[
1913 Webster ]
Diachylon \
Di *
ach "
y *
lon \,
Diachylum \
Di *
ach "
y *
lum \,
n . [
NL .
diachylum ,
fr .
Gr . ?
very juicy ;
dia `
thoroughly ?
juice .]
(
Med . &
Chem .)
A plaster originally composed of the juices of several plants (
whence its name ),
but now made of an oxide of lead and oil ,
and consisting essentially of glycerin mixed with lead salts of the fat acids .
[
1913 Webster ]
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