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The Collaborative International Dictionary of English v.0.48 (gcide)

Realism \Re"al*ism\ (r[=e]"al*[i^]z'm), n. [Cf. F. r['e]alisme.]
1. (Philos.)
(a) As opposed to nominalism, the doctrine that genera and
species are real things or entities, existing
independently of our conceptions. According to realism
the Universal exists ante rem (Plato), or in re
(Aristotle).
(b) As opposed to idealism, the doctrine that in sense
perception there is an immediate cognition of the
external object, and our knowledge of it is not
mediate and representative.
[1913 Webster]

2. (Art & Lit.) Fidelity to nature or to real life;
representation without idealization, and making no appeal
to the imagination; adherence to the actual fact.
[1913 Webster]

3. the practise of assessing facts and the probabilities of
the consequences of actions in an objective manner;
avoidance of unrealistic or impractical beliefs or
efforts. Contrasted to {idealism}, {self-deception},
{overoptimism}, {overimaginativeness}, or {visionariness}.
[PJC]