Pharaoh 音标拼音: [f'ɛro] [f'ero]
n . 法老王
法老王
Pharaoh n 1 :
the title of the ancient Egyptian kings [
synonym : {
Pharaoh },
{
Pharaoh of Egypt }]
Pharaoh \
Pha "
raoh \,
n . [
Heb .
par [=
o ]
h ;
of Egyptian origin :
cf .
L .
pharao ,
Gr .
faraw `.
Cf . {
Faro }.]
1 .
A title by which the sovereigns of ancient Egypt were designated .
[
1913 Webster ]
2 .
See {
Faro }.
[
1913 Webster ]
{
Pharaoh '
s chicken } (
Zool .),
the gier -
eagle ,
or Egyptian vulture ; --
so called because often sculpured on Egyptian monuments .
It is nearly white in color .
{
Pharaoh '
s rat } (
Zool .),
the common ichneumon .
[
1913 Webster ]
46 Moby Thesaurus words for "
pharaoh ":
Dalai Lama ,
Holy Roman Emperor ,
Inca ,
Kaiser ,
Simon Legree ,
absolute monarch ,
absolute ruler ,
all -
powerful ruler ,
ardri ,
arrogator ,
autarch ,
autocrat ,
bey ,
cacique ,
caesar ,
cham ,
commissar ,
czar ,
despot ,
dictator ,
disciplinarian ,
driver ,
duce ,
hard master ,
kaid ,
khan ,
martinet ,
mikado ,
negus ,
oligarch ,
oppressor ,
padishah ,
pendragon ,
rig ,
sachem ,
sagamore ,
shah ,
sheikh ,
shogun ,
slave driver ,
stickler ,
tenno ,
tycoon ,
tyrant ,
usurper ,
warlord Pharaoh the official title borne by the Egyptian kings down to the time when that country was conquered by the Greeks . (
See {
EGYPT }.)
The name is a compound ,
as some think ,
of the words Ra ,
the "
sun "
or "
sun -
god ,"
and the article phe , "
the ,"
prefixed ;
hence phera , "
the sun ,"
or "
the sun -
god ."
But others ,
perhaps more correctly ,
think the name derived from Perao , "
the great house " =
his majesty =
in Turkish , "
the Sublime Porte ."
(
1 .)
The Pharaoh who was on the throne when Abram went down into Egypt (
Gen .
12 :
10 -
20 )
was probably one of the Hyksos ,
or "
shepherd kings ."
The Egyptians called the nomad tribes of Syria Shasu , "
plunderers ,"
their king or chief Hyk ,
and hence the name of those invaders who conquered the native kings and established a strong government ,
with Zoan or Tanis as their capital .
They were of Semitic origin ,
and of kindred blood accordingly with Abram .
They were probably driven forward by the pressure of the Hittites .
The name they bear on the monuments is "
Mentiu ."
(
2 .)
The Pharaoh of Joseph '
s days (
Gen .
41 )
was probably Apopi ,
or Apopis ,
the last of the Hyksos kings .
To the old native Egyptians ,
who were an African race ,
shepherds were "
an abomination ;"
but to the Hyksos kings these Asiatic shepherds who now appeared with Jacob at their head were congenial ,
and being akin to their own race ,
had a warm welcome (
Gen .
47 :
5 ,
6 ).
Some argue that Joseph came to Egypt in the reign of Thothmes III .,
long after the expulsion of the Hyksos ,
and that his influence is to be seen in the rise and progress of the religious revolution in the direction of monotheism which characterized the middle of the Eighteenth Dynasty .
The wife of Amenophis III .,
of that dynasty ,
was a Semite .
Is this singular fact to be explained from the presence of some of Joseph '
s kindred at the Egyptian court ?
Pharaoh said to Joseph , "
Thy father and thy brethren are come unto thee :
the land of Egypt is before thee ;
in the best of the land make thy father and brethren to dwell " (
Gen .
47 :
5 ,
6 ).
(
3 .)
The "
new king who knew not Joseph " (
Ex .
1 :
8 -
22 )
has been generally supposed to have been Aahmes I .,
or Amosis ,
as he is called by Josephus .
Recent discoveries ,
however ,
have led to the conclusion that Seti was the "
new king ."
For about seventy years the Hebrews in Egypt were under the powerful protection of Joseph .
After his death their condition was probably very slowly and gradually changed .
The invaders ,
the Hyksos ,
who for some five centuries had been masters of Egypt ,
were driven out ,
and the old dynasty restored .
The Israelites now began to be looked down upon .
They began to be afflicted and tyrannized over .
In process of time a change appears to have taken place in the government of Egypt .
A new dynasty ,
the Nineteenth ,
as it is called ,
came into power under Seti I .,
who was its founder .
He associated with him in his government his son ,
Rameses II .,
when he was yet young ,
probably ten or twelve years of age .
Note ,
Professor Maspero ,
keeper of the museum of Bulak ,
near Cairo ,
had his attention in 1870 directed to the fact that scarabs ,
i .
e .,
stone and metal imitations of the beetle (
symbols of immortality ),
originally worn as amulets by royal personages ,
which were evidently genuine relics of the time of the ancient Pharaohs ,
were being sold at Thebes and different places along the Nile .
This led him to suspect that some hitherto undiscovered burial -
place of the Pharaohs had been opened ,
and that these and other relics ,
now secretly sold ,
were a part of the treasure found there .
For a long time he failed ,
with all his ingenuity ,
to find the source of these rare treasures .
At length one of those in the secret volunteered to give information regarding this burial -
place .
The result was that a party was conducted in 1881 to Dier el -
Bahari ,
near Thebes ,
when the wonderful discovery was made of thirty -
six mummies of kings ,
queens ,
princes ,
and high priests hidden away in a cavern prepared for them ,
where they had lain undisturbed for thirty centuries . "
The temple of Deir el -
Bahari stands in the middle of a natural amphitheatre of cliffs ,
which is only one of a number of smaller amphitheatres into which the limestone mountains of the tombs are broken up .
In the wall of rock separating this basin from the one next to it some ancient Egyptian engineers had constructed the hiding -
place ,
whose secret had been kept for nearly three thousand years ."
The exploring party being guided to the place ,
found behind a great rock a shaft 6 feet square and about 40 feet deep ,
sunk into the limestone .
At the bottom of this a passage led westward for 25 feet ,
and then turned sharply northward into the very heart of the mountain ,
where in a chamber 23 feet by 13 ,
and 6 feet in height ,
they came upon the wonderful treasures of antiquity .
The mummies were all carefully secured and brought down to Bulak ,
where they were deposited in the royal museum ,
which has now been removed to Ghizeh .
Among the most notable of the ancient kings of Egypt thus discovered were Thothmes III .,
Seti I .,
and Rameses II .
Thothmes III .
was the most distinguished monarch of the brilliant Eighteenth Dynasty .
When this mummy was unwound "
once more ,
after an interval of thirty -
six centuries ,
human eyes gazed on the features of the man who had conquered Syria and Cyprus and Ethiopia ,
and had raised Egypt to the highest pinnacle of her power .
The spectacle ,
however ,
was of brief duration .
The remains proved to be in so fragile a state that there was only time to take a hasty photograph ,
and then the features crumbled to pieces and vanished like an apparition ,
and so passed away from human view for ever ." "
It seems strange that though the body of this man ,"
who overran Palestine with his armies two hundred years before the birth of Moses , "
mouldered to dust ,
the flowers with which it had been wreathed were so wonderfully preserved that even their colour could be distinguished "
(
Manning '
s Land of the Pharaohs ).
Seti I . (
his throne name Merenptah ),
the father of Rameses II .,
was a great and successful warrior ,
also a great builder .
The mummy of this Pharaoh ,
when unrolled ,
brought to view "
the most beautiful mummy head ever seen within the walls of the museum .
The sculptors of Thebes and Abydos did not flatter this Pharaoh when they gave him that delicate ,
sweet ,
and smiling profile which is the admiration of travellers .
After a lapse of thirty -
two centuries ,
the mummy retains the same expression which characterized the features of the living man .
Most remarkable of all ,
when compared with the mummy of Rameses II .,
is the striking resemblance between the father and the son .
Seti I .
is ,
as it were ,
the idealized type of Rameses II .
He must have died at an advanced age .
The head is shaven ,
the eyebrows are white ,
the condition of the body points to considerably more than threescore years of life ,
thus confirming the opinions of the learned ,
who have attributed a long reign to this king ."
(
4 .)
Rameses II .,
the son of Seti I .,
is probably the Pharaoh of the Oppression .
During his forty years '
residence at the court of Egypt ,
Moses must have known this ruler well .
During his sojourn in Midian ,
however ,
Rameses died ,
after a reign of sixty -
seven years ,
and his body embalmed and laid in the royal sepulchre in the Valley of the Tombs of Kings beside that of his father .
Like the other mummies found hidden in the cave of Deir el -
Bahari ,
it had been for some reason removed from its original tomb ,
and probably carried from place to place till finally deposited in the cave where it was so recently discovered .
In 1886 ,
the mummy of this king ,
the "
great Rameses ,"
the "
Sesostris "
of the Greeks ,
was unwound ,
and showed the body of what must have been a robust old man .
The features revealed to view are thus described by Maspero : "
The head is long and small in proportion to the body .
The top of the skull is quite bare .
On the temple there are a few sparse hairs ,
but at the poll the hair is quite thick ,
forming smooth ,
straight locks about two inches in length .
White at the time of death ,
they have been dyed a light yellow by the spices used in embalmment .
The forehead is low and narrow ;
the brow -
ridge prominent ;
the eye -
brows are thick and white ;
the eyes are small and close together ;
the nose is long ,
thin ,
arched like the noses of the Bourbons ;
the temples are sunk ;
the cheek -
bones very prominent ;
the ears round ,
standing far out from the head ,
and pierced ,
like those of a woman ,
for the wearing of earrings ;
the jaw -
bone is massive and strong ;
the chin very prominent ;
the mouth small ,
but thick -
lipped ;
the teeth worn and very brittle ,
but white and well preserved .
The moustache and beard are thin .
They seem to have been kept shaven during life ,
but were probably allowed to grow during the king '
s last illness ,
or they may have grown after death .
The hairs are white ,
like those of the head and eyebrows ,
but are harsh and bristly ,
and a tenth of an inch in length .
The skin is of an earthy -
brown ,
streaked with black .
Finally ,
it may be said ,
the face of the mummy gives a fair idea of the face of the living king .
The expression is unintellectual ,
perhaps slightly animal ;
but even under the somewhat grotesque disguise of mummification there is plainly to be seen an air of sovereign majesty ,
of resolve ,
and of pride ."
Both on his father '
s and his mother '
s side it has been pretty clearly shown that Rameses had Chaldean or Mesopotamian blood in his veins to such a degree that he might be called an Assyrian .
This fact is thought to throw light on Isa .
52 :
4 .
(
5 .)
The Pharaoh of the Exodus was probably Menephtah I .,
the fourteenth and eldest surviving son of Rameses II .
He resided at Zoan ,
where he had the various interviews with Moses and Aaron recorded in the book of Exodus .
His mummy was not among those found at Deir el -
Bahari .
It is still a question ,
however ,
whether Seti II .
or his father Menephtah was the Pharaoh of the Exodus .
Some think the balance of evidence to be in favour of the former ,
whose reign it is known began peacefully ,
but came to a sudden and disastrous end .
The "
Harris papyrus ,"
found at Medinet -
Abou in Upper Egypt in 1856 ,
a state document written by Rameses III .,
the second king of the Twentieth Dynasty ,
gives at length an account of a great exodus from Egypt ,
followed by wide -
spread confusion and anarchy .
This ,
there is great reason to believe ,
was the Hebrew exodus ,
with which the Nineteenth Dynasty of the Pharaohs came to an end .
This period of anarchy was brought to a close by Setnekht ,
the founder of the Twentieth Dynasty .
"
In the spring of 1896 ,
Professor Flinders Petrie discovered ,
among the ruins of the temple of Menephtah at Thebes ,
a large granite stela ,
on which is engraved a hymn of victory commemorating the defeat of Libyan invaders who had overrun the Delta .
At the end other victories of Menephtah are glanced at ,
and it is said that '
the Israelites (
I -
s -
y -
r -
a -
e -
l -
u )
are minished (?)
so that they have no seed .'
Menephtah was son and successor of Rameses II .,
the builder of Pithom ,
and Egyptian scholars have long seen in him the Pharaoh of the Exodus .
The Exodus is also placed in his reign by the Egyptian legend of the event preserved by the historian Manetho .
In the inscription the name of the Israelites has no determinative of '
country '
or '
district '
attached to it ,
as is the case with all the other names (
Canaan ,
Ashkelon ,
Gezer ,
Khar or Southern Palestine ,
etc .)
mentioned along with it ,
and it would therefore appear that at the time the hymn was composed ,
the Israelites had already been lost to the sight of the Egyptians in the desert .
At all events they must have had as yet no fixed home or district of their own .
We may therefore see in the reference to them the Pharaoh '
s version of the Exodus ,
the disasters which befell the Egyptians being naturally passed over in silence ,
and only the destruction of the '
men children '
of the Israelites being recorded .
The statement of the Egyptian poet is a remarkable parallel to Ex .
1 :
10 -
22 ."
(
6 .)
The Pharaoh of 1 Kings 11 :
18 -
22 .
(
7 .)
So ,
king of Egypt (
2 Kings 17 :
4 ).
(
8 .)
The Pharaoh of 1 Chr .
4 :
18 .
(
9 .)
Pharaoh ,
whose daughter Solomon married (
1 Kings 3 :
1 ;
7 :
8 ).
(
10 .)
Pharaoh ,
in whom Hezekiah put his trust in his war against Sennacherib (
2 Kings 18 :
21 ).
(
11 .)
The Pharaoh by whom Josiah was defeated and slain at Megiddo (
2 Chr .
35 :
20 -
24 ;
2 Kings 23 :
29 ,
30 ). (
See {
NECHO }.)
(
12 .)
Pharaoh -
hophra ,
who in vain sought to relieve Jerusalem when it was besieged by Nebuchadnezzar (
q .
v .),
2 Kings 25 :
1 -
4 ;
comp .
Jer .
37 :
5 -
8 ;
Ezek .
17 :
11 -
13 . (
See {
ZEDEKIAH }.)
安装中文字典英文字典查询工具!
中文字典英文字典工具:
复制到剪贴板
英文字典中文字典相关资料:
Modern House Plans, Floor Plans, Designs Layouts The best modern house designs Find simple small house layout plans, contemporary blueprints, mansion floor plans more Call 1-800-913-2350 for expert help
Modern House Plans - Architectural Designs Check out our collection of modern style house plans, which overlap with homes you may find in our contemporary house plan collection, to see how they bring a fresh perspective to design Architectural Designs offers floor plans of all sizes, including detached garages , ADU house plans , and multi-family house plans options perfect for
Contemporary House Plans | Modern Contemporary Home Plans . . . Our contemporary house plan experts are standing by and ready to help you find the floor plan of your dreams Just email, live chat or call 866-214-2242 to get started! Related plans: Modern House Plans, Mid Century Modern House Plans, Modern Farmhouse House Plans, Scandinavian House Plans, Concrete House Plans, Small Modern House Plans