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surcharge 音标拼音: [sɚtʃ'ɑrdʒ] [s'ɚtʃ,ɑrdʒ] n. 装载过多,超载,追加罚款,额外费
vt. 使装载过多,追加罚款 装载过多,超载,追加罚款,额外费使装载过多,追加罚款 surcharge n 1: an additional charge (as for items previously omitted or as a penalty for failure to exercise common caution or common skill) v 1: charge an extra fee, as for a special service 2: rip off; ask an unreasonable price [synonym: {overcharge}, {soak}, {surcharge}, {gazump}, {fleece}, {plume}, {pluck}, {rob}, {hook}] [ant: {undercharge}] 3: fill to capacity with people; "The air raids had surcharged the emergency wards" 4: print a new denomination on a stamp or a banknote 5: fill to an excessive degree; "The air was surcharged with tension" 6: place too much a load on; "don't overload the car" [synonym: {overload}, {surcharge}, {overcharge}] 7: show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given Surcharge \Sur*charge"\, n. [F.] 1. An overcharge; an excessive load or burden; a load greater than can well be borne. [1913 Webster] A numerous nobility causeth poverty and inconvenience in a state, for it is surcharge of expense. --Bacon. [1913 Webster] 2. (Law) (a) The putting, by a commoner, of more beasts on the common than he has a right to. (b) (Equity) The showing an omission, as in an account, for which credit ought to have been given. --Burrill. [1913 Webster] 3. (Railroads) A charge over the usual or legal rates. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 4. Something printed or written on a postage stamp to give it a new legal effect, as a new valuation, a place, a date, etc.; also (Colloq.), a stamp with a surcharge. [Webster 1913 Suppl.] Surcharge \Sur*charge"\, v. t. [imp. & p. p. {Surcharged}; p. pr. & vb. n. {Surcharging}.] [F. surcharger. See {Sur-}, and {Charge}, and cf. {Overcharge}, {Supercharge}, {Supercargo}.] 1. To overload; to overburden; to overmatch; to overcharge; as, to surcharge a beast or a ship; to surcharge a cannon. [1913 Webster] Four charged two, and two surcharged one. --Spenser. [1913 Webster] Your head reclined, as hiding grief from view, Droops like a rose surcharged with morning dew. --Dryden. [1913 Webster] 2. (Law) (a) To overstock; especially, to put more cattle into, as a common, than the person has a right to do, or more than the herbage will sustain. Blackstone. (b) (Equity) To show an omission in (an account) for which credit ought to have been given. --Story. Daniel. [1913 Webster] 3. To print or write a surcharge on (a postage stamp). [Webster 1913 Suppl.] 93 Moby Thesaurus words for "surcharge": bale, bleed, bleed white, burden, burdening, burthen, cargo, charge, charging, choke, clip, congest, congestion, cram, crowd, cumber, cumbrance, deadweight, doctor accounts, drag, drench, encumbrance, engorgement, exploit, exploitation, extortion, fleece, freight, garble accounts, glut, gluttonize, gorge, gouge, handicap, highway robbery, hold up, holdup, hyperemia, incubus, incumbency, jam, jam-pack, lading, load, loading, loan-sharking, millstone, oppression, overassessment, overbrimming, overburden, overcharge, overfeed, overfill, overflow, overfreight, overfullness, overlade, overload, overprice, overspill, overstuff, overtax, overtaxing, overweight, overweighting, pack, plethora, pressure, profiteer, repletion, saddling, salt, satiate, satiety, saturate, saturation, screw, shylocking, skin, soak, stick, sting, stuff, supercharge, superincumbency, supersaturate, supersaturation, surfeit, swindle, taxing, usury, victimize SURCHARGE, chancery practice. When a bill is filed to open an account,
stated, liberty is sometimes given to the plaintiff to surcharge and falsify such account. That is, to examine not only errors of fact, but errors of law. 2 Atk. 112; 11 Wheat. 237; 2 Ves. 565. 2. "These terms, `surcharge,' and `falsify,'" says Mr. Justice Story, 1 Eq. Jur. Sec. 525, "have a distinct sense in the vocabulary of courts of equity, a little removed from that, which they bear in the ordinary language of common life. In the language of common life, we understand `surcharge' to import an overcharge in quantity, or price, or degree, beyond what is just and reasonable. In this sense, it is nearly equivalent to `falsify;' for every item, which is not truly charged, as it should be, is false; and by establishing such overcharge it is falsified. But, in the sense of courts of equity, these words are used in contradistinction to each other. A surcharge is appropriately applied to the balance of the whole account; and supposes credits to be omitted, which ought to be allowed. A falsification applies to some item in the debets; and supposes, that the item is wholly false, or in some part erroneous. This distinction is taken notice of by Lord Hardwicke; and the words used by him are so clear, that they supersede all necessity for farther commentary. `Upon a liberty to the plaintiff to surcharge, and falsify,' says he, `the onus probandi is always on the party having that liberty; for the court takes it as a stated account, and establishes it. But, if any of the parties can show an omission, for which credit ought to be, that is, a surcharge, or if anything is inserted, that is a wrong charge, he is at liberty to show it, and that is a falsification. But that must be by proof on his side. And that makes a great difference between the general cases of an open account, and were only [leave] to surcharge and falsify; for such must be made out."
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