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  • Saracens | Encyclopedia. com
    Saracens Name applied by the ancient Greeks and Romans to the Arab tribes who threatened their borders The name was later extended to include all Arabs and eventually all Muslims As a term similar to ‘ Moors ’, it was used particularly by medieval Christians to denote their Muslim enemies
  • Saracen | Encyclopedia. com
    Saracen an Arab or Muslim, especially at the time of the Crusades; originally, among the later Greeks and Romans, a name for the nomadic peoples of the Syro-Arabian desert which harassed the Syrian confines of the Empire The name comes (in Middle English, via Old French and late Latin) from late Greek Sarakēnos, perhaps from Arabic šarḳī ‘eastern’ In medieval times the name was
  • Jewish People Caught in the Crusades - Encyclopedia. com
    Jewish People Caught in the CrusadesThe darkest chapter in the history of the Crusades was the treatment of Jews at the hands of Europe's Christians, both in Europe and in the Middle East What began as distrust and scorn often turned into widespread persecution and slaughter Many Crusaders left in their wake the bodies of hundreds of Jews as they made their way to the Holy Land Source for
  • Anti-Crusades - Encyclopedia. com
    Anti-Crusades Excerpt from Annales Herbipolenses (1147) Originally written by an anonymous annalist in Würzburg; Reprinted in The Crusades: A Documentary History; Translated by James Brundage; Published in 1962 Not everyone was convinced by the preaching for a holy war against the Muslims There were those, as recorded by the following anonymous fifteenth-century historian of the German city
  • Badge, Jewish - Encyclopedia. com
    BADGE, JEWISHBADGE, JEWISH , distinctive sign compulsorily worn by Jews Source for information on Badge, Jewish: Encyclopaedia Judaica dictionary
  • Arthurian and Carolingian Legends - Encyclopedia. com
    ARTHURIAN AND CAROLINGIAN LEGENDS Of all the legends that flourished in the Middle Ages, the two major cycles clustered around the figures of Arthur and Charlemagne Both cycles were widely known throughout Western Christendom, and their literary influence has extended even into modern times Arthur and Charlemagne were historical personages, though Arthur is known almost exclusively through
  • The Final Good-Bye - Encyclopedia. com
    The Final Good-ByeExcerpt from "The Capture of Jerusalem, 1244," in Matthew of Paris's Chronica Majora (1258) Originally written by Master of the Hospitallers at Jerusalem, Tolord de Melaye; Reprinted in "Letters of the Crusaders," Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of European History; Translated by Dana C Munro; Published in 1896 Source for information on The Final Good-Bye
  • France - Encyclopedia. com
    In 732, Charles Martel was able to rally the eastern Franks to inflict a decisive defeat on the Saracens — Muslim invaders who already controlled the Iberian Peninsula — between Poitiers and Tours He spawned the Carolingian family, as well as his grandson, Charlemagne (r 768 – 814), who was the greatest of the early Frankish rulers
  • History of the Crusades - Encyclopedia. com
    History of the CrusadesThe word "crusade" emerged from the Romance languages of Europe, especially French and Spanish, during the Middle Ages—the era in Europe roughly from the years 500 to 1500, often called the medieval period Source for information on History of the Crusades: The Crusades Reference Library dictionary
  • Poetry of the Crusades - Encyclopedia. com
    They wrote in praise of love and great loss and were often veterans of the Crusades, spinning tales of battles against the Saracens Their writings frequently were performed by lower-class entertainers known as jongleurs, who sang and played musical instruments and sometimes even helped compose the poems and songs





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